Online Discussion #3: Current Issues in Thailand

According to "https://shorturl.at/eiFLS", Air pollution in Thailand is a complex and urgent problem with significant consequences for public health, the environment, and the economy.

There are a number of things that can be done to address the problem of air pollution in Bangkok. These include:

1. Reducing emissions from vehicles: Vehicle emissions are a major source of air pollution in Bangkok. The government can implement policies to reduce vehicle emissions, such as stricter emissions standards, fuel efficiency standards, and carpooling and public transportation incentives.
2. Reducing emissions from industry: Industry is another major source of air pollution in Bangkok. The government can implement policies to reduce industrial emissions, such as stricter emissions standards and subsidies for cleaner technologies.
3. Protecting forests: Forests play an important role in filtering air pollution. The government can implement policies to protect forests, such as reforestation programs and sustainable logging practices.
4. Educating the public about air pollution: The government can educate the public about the dangers of air pollution and how to reduce their exposure. This can be done through public awareness campaigns and school programs.

Reference:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094431/#:~:text=The%20main%20source%20of%20PM,2001).
2. https://www.unescap.org/blog/deciphering-black-box-air-pollution-data-thailand#:~:text=Additional%20sources%20of%20air%20pollution,in%20comparison%20with%20Chiang%20Mai.
3. https://blog.ecosia.org/how-trees-reduce-air-pollution-world-environment-day/#:~:text=The%20world's%20forests%20absorb%20a,these%20chemicals%20from%20the%20air.

Disabled people face obstacles in all aspects of the health system, such as lack of knowledge, negative attitudes and discriminatory practices among medical staff, lack of access to health facilities and information, and lack of data or collection and analysis on disability, all of which contribute to the health inequality faced.



In my opinion, the reason for the inequality of disabled people is that

1. The cost of living for people with disabilities is quite high which disabilities is 25% higher than that of non disabled individuals.

2. Negative attitudes towards people with disabilities result in less employment opportunities for people with disabilities compared to non disabled individuals and the gap in employment rates between disabled and non disabled individuals 33% of personnel in deployment.

3. Disabled people's exclusion from education sectors, all around the world, disabled individuals experience injustice and prejudice, irrespective of national boundaries, wealth, or poverty. There are 600 million people with disabilities worldwide, 70% of whom live in countries in the South which only 1-2 percent of handicapped individuals in Southern nations acquire an education, according to recent UNESCO study.

4. Discrimination against persons with disabilities, generally speaking, they are often deprived of the right to be included in schools and workplaces, to live independently in the community, to vote, to participate in sports and cultural activities, to enjoy social protection, to seek justice, and to agree or refuse medical treatment.

Refference: https://wearepurpleorguk/disability-and-inequality-infographic/
                https://www.unisonorguk/news/article/2022/02/disable-inequality-how-to-challenge-disability-discrimination/

Written by - Saranya Musikawan (6405572)

Southern Insurgency of Thailand
For decades, the Thai government has struggled to deal with the Southern Insurgency in an efficient manner. The peace and stability of the region are still in jeopardy due to this violence, which has claimed thousands of lives and injured countless more.



The present strategy places a lot of emphasis on security measures, which may be making matters worse rather than better in terms of reducing violence. The fundamental reasons of the insurgency, including as poverty, inequality, and a lack of political autonomy, have also gone unaddressed by the administration. The lack of confidence in the Malay Muslim community impedes efforts to find a solution even more.

• Shift focus from security to building trust with the Malay Muslim community.
  

• Address the root causes of the conflict, including poverty, discrimination, and lack of political autonomy.
  

• Combat corruption within the government and hold security forces accountable for human rights abuses.
  

• Promote peace and reconciliation through dialogue, interfaith initiatives, and support for civil society organizations.
  

The Thai government may, in my opinion, develop a more thorough and successful plan for quelling the Southern Insurgency and bringing about long-lasting peace and stability in the area by putting these reforms into effect.

ref : https://georgetownsecuritystudiesreview.org/2019/03/31/how-to-stop-the-insurgency-in-southern-thailand/#:~:text=For%20decades%2C%20Thailand%20has%20been,the%20causes%20of%20this%20insurgency.

   SLAPP has been used to silence and intimidate criticism. By forcing people who speak or express opinions on public matters to have to spend huge sums of money to fight the charges. who use slop law can be big company government officer.
   
  SLAPP in Thailand should be stop because the BIG guy will destroy their enemy who in middle class by use this way( long time they will loss more money that make they delete they post or come out to change side)
    for example it have people who create the wall to protect  their mine form chemical because they not trust their government
that make these people were sued. This makes them not dare to come out and take action on the issues that they used to fight for.


https://thestandard.co/news-thailand-legal-mechanisms/
post by 6405587 Ariya Kalpan

Addressing the challenge of inflation in Thailand requires a careful balance between short-term measures to mitigate immediate impacts and long-term strategies that promote sustainable economic development. Here are some potential solutions:

Short-Term Solutions:
1.Targeted Cash Transfers:
-Develop systems to identify individuals most affected by higher food prices.
-Provide cash transfers to vulnerable populations to ensure they can maintain healthy levels of food consumption.
2.Subsidies and Tax Cuts:
-Implement short-term subsidies for essential goods (e.g., fertilizer, street food) to alleviate immediate financial burdens.
-Utilize targeted tax cuts, such as the one for diesel fuel, to prevent a sharp increase in transportation costs.

Medium- to Long-Term Solutions:
Monetary Policy:
-Adopt a gradual approach to monetary policy to support economic recovery.
-Address the economic recovery with a balanced and reduced dose of monetary policy medicine.

Reconciling short-term and long-term goals may involve a combination of these measures. The key is to strike a balance that addresses immediate challenges without compromising the overall economic health and sustainability of the country. Continuous monitoring and adjustments to policies based on evolving economic conditions will be essential.

Ref:https://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/how-to-repel-the-inflation-invasion-in-thailand

According to the news, Thailand’s economic growth in the third quarter was significantly lower than anticipated, with only a 1.5 percent increase compared to the expected 2.4 percent. This slowdown is part of a trend of decelerating growth in the country. The National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) highlighted declines in government expenditure, exports, and imports across both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, with the industrial sector experiencing a notable decline.

The key issues are the slowing economic growth and political instability. The economic slowdown leads to lower GDP growth, impacting national income and overall economic health.

In my opinion, the problems are caused by several factors:
-Reduced Government Spending and Exports: The contraction in government expenditure and a fall in exports contribute to the sluggish economic performance.
-Industrial Sector Decline: A significant decline in the industrial sector over consecutive quarters indicates underlying structural weaknesses in this vital economic area.
-Monetary Policy Challenges: The Bank of Thailand's tightening monetary policies, including interest rate hikes to control inflation, add to the economic complexities.
-Political Instability: The doubts about the sustainability of Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin’s leadership and the efficacy of his economic policies, especially the digital wallet stimulus plan, contribute to the uncertainty.
-Regional Context: The progress of neighboring countries in economic development and political stability underscores the need for Thailand to effectively address its internal challenges to remain competitive.


To address these issues, it is crucial for the Thai government to not only implement short-term economic stimulus measures but also focus on long-term structural reforms. These could include enhancing industrial productivity, improving government expenditure efficiency, and stabilizing political governance to build investor confidence and ensure sustainable economic growth.

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REF:https://thediplomat.com/2023/11/thailands-economic-quagmire-lagging-growth-and-political-turbulence/

Inequality in Thailand: The Impact of Internal Migration on Families and the Urbanization of Bangkok

One of the challenges arising from inequality in Thailand is internal migration. While internal migration may not initially appear as an urgent concern, it results in the separation of many families in Thailand. As Bangkok assumes the role of the 'Primate city,' being the fastest-growing city in Thailand, it has outpaced other provinces significantly. Consequently, individuals from these provinces often relocate to Bangkok to secure employment, as the opportunities in their home provinces fail to provide adequate income for sustaining their families. Other than the job prospects, Bangkok surpasses other provinces in areas such as transportation and education.

These factors collectively motivate a substantial portion of the Thai population to migrate to Bangkok, leaving behind their homes and families. In certain cases, parents are forced to leave their children with their parents while they migrate to Bangkok to find jobs. Research indicates that parental migration negatively affects the growth and development of children. This inequality issue restricts employment opportunities for workers in Thailand within their provinces and hinders their ability to live with their families. Consequently, parental migrants face challenges in raising their children.

Internal migration solidifies Bangkok's status as a primate city, becoming the most densely populated city in Thailand. The urbanization of Bangkok can lead to further problems, including air pollution caused by extensive vehicle use, traffic congestion, and land pollution caused by littering and excessive waste. These issues, in turn, contribute to water contamination and diseases, posing significant health risks for the residents of Bangkok.

References:
https://themomentum.co/worktips-comingbackhome/
https://bangkok.unesco.org/sites/default/files/assets/article/Social%20and%20Human%20Sciences/publications/thailand.pdf
https://www.knomad.org/thematic-working-group/internal-migration-and-urbanization

One of the problems that Thailand encountered during this 10-year period was the problem of pollution, which increased every year. It can be classified into many types of pollution, for example, water pollution, air pollution, or environmental pollution. The source of each pollution will be different, such as pollution from car fumes or household fumes, etc. And this pollution problem is likely to be a long-term problem in Thailand as well. And in my opinion, one of the important causes of this problem is the problems in waste management in Thailand that are causing serious pollution problems.

From the information recorded regarding waste management, it was found that
-Solid waste amounted to 26.77 million tons.
-The amount of solid waste that is properly disposed of is 7.2 million tons.
-The amount of garbage that is improperly disposed of is 6.9 million tons.
-The amount of solid waste that is not collected remains in the area at 7.6 million tons and more.
From this information, we found that approximately 54.17% of solid waste was not properly stored and disposed of.

In my opinion, I think that the number 54.17% that shows waste management without a system, including waste left in the area, is caused by pollution problems in Thailand for the following reasons:

1. Problems with water pollution: When there is garbage left in the community and when it rains. Water carries bacteria with it and flows into drainage points, which leads to breeding grounds for bacteria and water pollution problems.

2. Lack of policy regarding waste separation in Thailand: Thailand does not have clear laws or policies regarding waste separation, which causes waste to be mixed together when disposing of waste, which makes the waste disposal process more difficult because waste disposal plants must first separate. In my opinion, if there is a policy regarding waste separation, this problem can be reduced.

3. Problems with air pollution: This may be the result of improper waste separation, which causes contaminants in the factory's waste disposal process that will result in air pollution. And another problem is that when garbage is not collected, people will choose their own methods of garbage disposal. One of the main methods is burning all garbage, which is the main cause of air pollution.

Conclusion: In my opinion, if Thailand has policies or laws regarding waste collection, waste separation, and waste disposal that are better and more systematic, it will be able to reduce the pollution problems that occur.

References:
https://www.nstda-tiis.or.th/publications_media/th-waste-management-and-recommendations/
https://thaipublica.org/2014/09/thailands-garbage-crisis/

Written by: Thanakrit Buaket 6405544

https://i.servimg.com/u/f56/20/53/26/13/classr11.jpg

Thai government has been actively addressing these challenges through various education reforms and initiatives. Reforms aim to enhance the quality of education, reduce disparities, and better prepare students for the demands of the modern workforce.

Lack of Critical Thinking Emphasis:
The education system has sometimes been criticized for placing too much emphasis on memorization and not enough on fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, most students are being taught to consume knowledge and memorize instead of applying it to the real world, therefore experience are being pushed later on in life.

Teacher Shortages and Quality:
There has been a shortage of qualified teachers, particularly in remote areas. Additionally, concerns have been raised about the quality of teacher training and professional development. This shortage can negatively impact the quality of education in these regions. Additionally, concerns exist regarding the quality of teacher training programs and ongoing professional development.

Access to Education:
Economic Barriers: Despite efforts to improve access, economic factors can still be a barrier to education, especially at higher levels. Some families may struggle to afford the costs associated with education, such as uniforms, textbooks, and transportation. In conjunction with inequality in Higher Education, Access to higher education is still influenced by socioeconomic considerations. Societal inequality is exacerbated by the fact that affluent students typically have greater access to resources and opportunity for extracurricular learning and exam preparation. Perhaps richer families tend to be able to put their children into better education, resorting to better education tools

In summary, there are a number of issues facing Thailand's education system, including differences in quality between urban and rural schools, an excessive focus on standardized testing at the expense of critical thinking, a lack of qualified teachers, access to education being hampered by financial constraints, a curriculum that is thought to be out of step with the demands of the labor market, and more.

Ref : theisaanrecord.co/2022/03/30/thai-education-beset-by-poor-management/

Income inequality is a major long-term problem in Thailand and one of the biggest challenges facing the country's policymakers. It is a complex issue with many contributing factors, including low wages, the concentration of wealth in the hands of a small number of people, and a lack of social mobility.

Income inequality can have a number of negative social and economic consequences. It can reduce social cohesion, lead to increased crime and violence, and undermine economic growth and development.

In Thailand, income inequality is particularly pronounced between rural and urban areas. The average income in rural Thailand is about half of the average income in urban Thailand. This is due to a number of factors, including the lack of access to quality education and healthcare in rural areas, and the limited job opportunities available.

Another factor contributing to income inequality in Thailand is the country's dual economy. Thailand has a large informal sector, where workers typically earn low wages and have few benefits. The formal sector, on the other hand, is dominated by large corporations, where workers tend to earn higher wages and have better benefits.

The Thai government has taken some steps to address income inequality, such as raising the minimum wage and expanding social safety nets. However, more needs to be done to reduce income inequality and create a more equitable society. For example, the government should focus on investing in education and training, provide tax breaks to small businesses, implement progressive tax policies, and strengthen social safety nets.

Addressing income inequality is a complex challenge, but it is essential for Thailand's long-term prosperity and stability. By taking the steps mentioned above, the Thai government can make progress towards creating a more equitable society for all.

Additional data about income inequality in Thailand:
- The Gini coefficient, a measure of income inequality, is 0.43 in Thailand, which is higher than the global average of 0.38, making Thailand one of the most unequal countries in the world.
- The richest 10% of Thais earn 39% of the country's income, while the poorest 50% of the population earn only 20%.
- Thailand has one of the highest rates of child poverty in the OECD, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- The average wage for Thai workers has grown by only 1% per year over the past decade, while the cost of living has increased by 3% per year.

Reference: https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/THA#:~:text=However%2C%20income%20inequality%20has%20intensified,fallen%20to%2036.4%20(2018).
https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1588786/report-thailand-most-unequal-country-in-2018

According to the news, livestock worldwide is a big source of emission production and has been increasing. However, we can reduce it by utilizing membrane separation and low-temperature rectification.
This way the world can keep producing meat and live stock without considering the greenhouse effect to keep supply and demand going. Also, the market will reduce the price of merchandise due to there will be more livestock producer in the market

ref2 :https://extension.psu.edu/livestock-methane-emissions-in-the-united-states
ref1 :https://patents.google.com/patent/CN101747132B/en

According to the survey, it has shown that Thai people do not have enough money to handle an emergency situation for longer than three months, especially amid the Covid-19 outbreak, according to a survey by the Bank of Thailand (BoT). The survey found that almost 39% of total respondents had sufficient savings for three months in the case of an emergency situation while lacking a main income.
   
    From this we can say that this financial issue is bigger than we realize because if Thai people still saving money only in individuals bank account, they are not be able to fight against inflation rate. The value of money will be decreased. This will effect the whole economy in next 5 - 10 years. The government should be aware of this situation and bring financial subject to be a part of Thai education. So. at least some of Thai people will have a prevent plan for the upcoming future.

    The government should track the statistics about Financial literacy rate in Thai people. If tendency tend to have a good way. So that the government do not have to worry about this and activate the fiscal policy or any policy.


References: https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2205727/survey-shows-low-but-rising-financial-

The educational challenges in Thailand's rural areas are multifaceted. The prevalence of small schools in these regions means that teachers often face the daunting task of covering a multitude of subjects, coupled with salaries as low as 2000 per month. The inadequacy of this compensation in comparison to the cost of living discourages potential educators, creating a shortage of qualified teachers.

Consequently, the quality of learning for students in these small schools is compromised. The disparity becomes more pronounced when contrasted with schools in the capital, which benefit from superior quality and a greater number of teachers. This stark inequality in educational opportunities perpetuates social and economic disparities.

Moreover, the financial burden on poor families exacerbates the issue. The inability to afford school costs forces some students to abandon their education and enter the workforce prematurely. This not only limits their personal development but also has broader societal implications by diminishing the potential labor force.

The root causes of these problems, in my opinion, can be categorized into three main factors:

1. Inequality:The disparity in educational quality between the capital and rural areas underscores the need for a more equitable distribution of resources and attention.

2. Welfare from government:The economic constraints faced by many poor families highlight the urgency for increased government support to make education financially accessible. Without such support, there is a risk of diminishing the overall labor force in the future.

3. Lack of government support in other provinces:The disparity in attention and resources allocated to provinces beyond the capital accentuates the need for comprehensive government support nationwide. Focusing solely on the capital neglects the unique challenges faced by other provinces, perpetuating the educational divide.

Ref https://theisaanrecord.co/2022/03/30/thai-education-beset-by-poor-management/
[url=https://servimg.com/view/20537233/2]

Since the coup in Myanmar in 2021, both Thailand and India have witnessed an increase in armed violence at their doorstep and a consequent upsurge in the number of refugees from Myanmar. In fact, of all Myanmar’s neighbours, both countries have had the largest number of Myanmar residents seeking sanctuary — almost all of the 39,000 refugee movements recorded by the UNHCR — because they are located next to the administrative divisions in Myanmar with the highest amount of and most intense armed fighting. Since the coup in Myanmar, the Thai border has experienced spillover from armed conflict on the Burmese side of the border. In April last year, the Myanmar army fired warning shots at a Thai boat. In a separate incident that same month, hundreds of villagers on the Thai side of the border were evacuated after the Karen National Union, an ethnic armed organisation, attacked a Burmese army post. In December, there was an exchange of artillery fire between the Myanmar and Thai armies. There have also been reports of stray artillery shells landing on Thai soil.

So, in my opinion, this will lead to many problems. For example:
1. Thai people who live along the border will be in danger. As we can see from the news, there was an combat between Myanmar and Thai armies. Thus, Thai people along the border may be harmed by the crossfire of the combatant.

2. There will be refugees problems. According to the news, there were many myanmar refugees who fled the terrors of war to Thailand. Because of this, the effective refugees management from the government is required. The high number of refugees means the high demand of shelters. Furthermore, these refugees may use this opportunity to illegally enter to Thailand.


Ref:
https://fulcrum.sg/separatists-conflict-and-refugees-geopolitics-along-thailand-and-indias-myanmar-border/

Education Problem




According to the news: On 8 Dec. 2023, the Assistant Minister of Education, Siriphong Angkasakulkiat, discussed raising the PISA examination level due to lower student competency assessment results due to COVID-19. The OECD found that concentration during study affects assessment scores, with Chulabhorn Science School students scoring higher than the average Singapore student. However, the low scores are attributed to schools expanding opportunities.

Chronic educational problems include problems that affect other aspects, such as student mental health, studying hard, focusing on memorization, and high competition. Problems with educational disparity Provincial areas lack teachers and educational resources or even issues with unemployment

In my opinion: Thai education has degraded dramatically. As Well As the problem isn't going away anytime soon. This is quickly becoming a chronic issue. Solving the problem requires time. Because you must begin at the source of the problem. These are issues that Thai pupils enrolled in the Thai educational system face. Why do some Thai students decide to study abroad? The following issues cause challenges in Thai education:

1. Thai education system prioritizes memorization over understanding content, often leading to students memorizing for exams rather than understanding the content. The curriculum and student assessment focus on subjects and teachers, neglecting learners and real-life connections. The quality of Thai education is subpar, with students achieving less than 50% in English, mathematics, science, and social sciences subjects. The 2010 academic year saw a decrease in English and mathematics scores, and PISA test results show lower scores than neighboring countries due to a lack of analytical thinking, synthesis, judgment, and creativity.

2. Teachers in Thailand face challenges in teaching quality and efficiency, with overflowing debt and a teacher shortage situation. In 2022, over 9,000 Thai teachers owed over 1.4 trillion baht, with the largest creditor being the Teachers Savings Cooperative. Thai teachers have a total debt of more than 1.4 trillion baht, with teachers' largest creditor being 'Teachers Savings Cooperative', where teachers owe more than 890 billion baht, accounting for 64% of the total debt. The average interest rate is 5.64%. Financial institutions are the second largest creditors. Some teachers prioritize earning money for their families over teaching, leading to additional work. Additionally, career advancement is measured by academic work, not student success. Teachers are an essential factor in Thai education's slow development, and their ineffectiveness is exacerbated by the focus on academic work rather than student success.

3. Educational inequality in Thailand is a significant issue, with disparities in teaching standards, equipment, and media between government and private schools. This results in children having different standards and using the same criteria for assessment, leading to educational failure. Additionally, schools often prioritize special classes to generate additional income, a reflection of the slow development of the education system. Tutoring institutions, which charge high tuition fees, also struggle to survive. The Youth Survey 2022 revealed that 35.1% of Thai students aged 15-18 took special education in addition to formal education. The majority of special education students were outside the city (35.6%) and in the city district (33.9%).

Ref:
1. https://chiroru.wixsite.com/educationthailand/staff
2. https://www.the101.world/teacher-debt
3. https://www.mcu.ac.th/article/detail/448
4. https://www.thairath.co.th/tags/ข่าวการศึกษา

Financial Issues in Thailand: Financial Risks
1. Thai people are facing financial risks in their daily lives due to a shortage of savings. At the same time, they are also troubled by the problem of debt inflation, lack of appropriate financial planning and good financial preparation.
2. Thai people do not have regular savings
3. Thai people do not have enough money to live after retirement, including sufficient medical expenses.
Imagine, the economic situation is normal, you have debt, you don't have savings, but in the current situation, oil prices are rising and living costs are also rising.
4. The two main factors affecting debt formation are economic fluctuations. Due to the increase in household spending and political fluctuations, the ability of households to repay debts has decreased. Especially expenses related to consumption.
5. Worried about health, but without health insurance
6. The annual medical expenses increase with inflation, and the medical expenses increase in line with expectations.

In the first three months of 2023, there were over a million cases of respiratory illnesses in Thailand due to a serious air pollution issue. The high levels of PM2.5 in Chiang Mai exceed the national WHO standards. More people died prematurely in 2021 from air pollution than from COVID-19, with 50,000 deaths. Thailand's GDP is down $95 billion (6.6%) as a result of this crisis.

I think that industrial facilities, particularly coal-fired power stations, are the main cause of air pollution in Thailand. According to research, the main cause of the elevated PM2.5 levels in the vicinity is coal-fired power stations, which release toxic waste products into the air and allow them to blow over the Gulf of Thailand. This is a significant contributor to Thailand's elevated PM2.5 levels of air pollution.  

Source: https://www.pacificprime.co.th/blog/respiratory-illness-and-air-pollution-in-thailand/

6405806 Pattranit Buarapa

Inequality issue: LGBTQ rights in Thailand

As you know, Thai society has long been accepting of the LGBTQ+ community. However, meaningful change has been restricted by older Thai members of society, religious organizations, and members of parliament, mainly due to the conservative nature of Thai society.

Currently, same-sex couples do not enjoy the same rights as heterosexual couples. This has been particularly contentious in situations such as death or retirement, where one partner cannot access the same rights as a heterosexual couple due to the lack of legal marriage.

According to Aljazeera (2019), Nobel Prize winner economist Gary Becker explained how marriage works from an economic perspective. He discovered that married couples can achieve more by combining their resources, especially time and money. Some couples say that marriage is good when they can share everything with each other, such as house bills, utility bills, and so on. While when they are single, they need to worry about these things.

Sources
https://gam-legalalliance.com/services/family-law/lgbtq-rights-in-thailand/
https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/6/26/the-economic-impact-of-same-sex-marriage

Thailand's minimum wage is incompatible with the country's cost of living.



The current minimum wage in Thailand is about 328-354 baht per day, which is insufficient to cover the country's living expenses. Workers' income are barely enough to pay basic expenditures including food, transportation, and other necessities, leaving them unable to save money for other activities or even forced to work for the remainder of their life.

The most direct solution is to raise earnings sufficiently to sustain living expenses. As the matter website states: Increasing the minimum wage transfers a share of wealth from high-income entrepreneurs to low-income workers. Workers tend to spend nearly all of their earnings to make a livelihood, indirectly encouraging the local economy and allowing money to circulate. Meanwhile, Dr. Thanit Sorat, stated that increasing the minimum wage is still a policy that has not yet been implemented since it might lead company operators to lose more than they are already losing due to the crisis, which may force firms to cease down. Dr. Thanit also said that for urgent matters that the government should do now is to stimulate the economy and get people to spend money. For example, policies to stimulate the economy in the short term such as tourism.


References : https://thematter.co/thinkers/raise-the-minimum-wage/168300#google_vignette
https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/health/labour/1088200
https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2304394

Posted by Suchaya Prapaso 6405581